![]() Regarding lower extremity fat distribution in adults, young women have greater intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content in the soleus muscle than young men, and IMCL exists as droplets near the mitochondria of skeletal muscle cells based on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1H-MRS). The inter-sex difference in fat distribution is a heterogeneous phenotype, i.e., women have greater amounts of intramuscular fat than men. Therefore, considering the various aspects of body composition with respect to sex-specific differences is important in age research. Studies to date reported that sex-specific differences in lower extremity performance might be related to fat mass, muscle fat infiltration, and muscle mass there are differences in body composition between men and women, with women having a higher body fat mass and lower muscle mass than men. These studies demonstrated that older women have poorer physical performance and higher mobility limitations than older men. Sex-specific differences in physical performance among older adults have been observed in several studies a previous study reported that physical performance in older adults continually declines with increasing age, with sex-specific differences. Identifying sarcopenia severity in older adults is also important. Furthermore, physical performance has been used to assess frailty and is one of the most important screening components and diagnostic criterion for sarcopenia. ![]() ![]() Physical performance tests for lower extremity function are significant clinical predictors of incident falls, disability, hospitalization, and mortality in older adults. Physical disabilities and limitations in lower extremity function are common with increasing age. Furthermore, our results suggest that greater EMCL content in the soleus and calf subcutaneous fat might affect physical performance positively in women but not men. This study shows an inverse correlation between IMCL content and physical performance in healthy older individuals and lower leg muscle-specific IMCL based on sex differences. However, the soleus EMCL content is positively associated with the five-times sit-to-stand test scores (r s = −0.488, p = 0.040) in women, but this association is not statistically significant in men. The tibialis anterior IMCL, as assessed by 1H-MRS, is negatively associated with the five-times sit-to-stand test scores (r s = 0.518, p = 0.023) in men, while the soleus IMCL content is negatively associated with the timed up-and-go test scores (r s = 0.472, p = 0.048) in women. 1H-MRS is used to measure the extramyocellular lipid (EMCL) and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) contents of the lower leg muscles (soleus and tibialis anterior) at the maximum circumference of the calf after overnight fasting. The participants undergo dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, magnetic resonance imaging, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1H-MRS) to assess body composition and lower extremity fat distribution. The pilot study comprises 40 subjects (20 men and 20 women) matched by age and body mass index. This study aims to examine sex-specific differences in body composition and lower extremity fat distribution and their association with physical performance among healthy older adults.
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